NTI: This year, most states across India have experienced heavy rainfall. However, in Uttarakhand, this rain has been accompanied by a concerning rise in landslide incidents. Experts believe that changes in rainfall patterns and intensity, coupled with prolonged dry spells, have contributed significantly to the increase in landslides in this hilly state during the monsoon season.
Why Are Landslides Increasing in Uttarakhand?
Dr. Sunil Nautiyal, Director of the GB Pant National Himalayan Environment Institute in Almora, Uttarakhand, attributes the surge in landslides to altered rainfall patterns related to climate change. He explains that the fragile Himalayan region has been increasingly unable to cope with these changes. This year, the region received rain mainly between September 13 and 15. According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), an average of 102 mm of rainfall was recorded during these three days, highlighting the unusual concentration of rain over a short period.
The rainfall pattern in the Himalayan region has also shifted. Rains that typically occur in June and July have been delayed until mid-September. Dr. Nautiyal’s institute is studying the increasing fragility of the central Himalayan region and how various factors are influencing the changing rainfall patterns. He emphasizes the need for collaborative research efforts from multiple institutes to fully understand and address this issue.
Another factor contributing to the increased landslides is forest fires. Fires in forested areas destroy herbs and grass, weakening the soil layer that usually helps prevent water flow. This weakened soil structure results in a higher susceptibility to landslides.
Experts’ Insights
Dr. Nautiyal also points out that the local ecology of the Himalayan region has deteriorated, leading to fragmented monsoon rains. However, areas with intact local ecology, such as the Jaddhar forest in the Garhwal region and the Sheetlakhet forest in Kumaon, have seen more typical rainfall patterns. Dense forests around these areas have played a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance, contributing to early and heavy rainfall during the monsoon. Local governance and community participation have been instrumental in preserving these forests’ ecological health.
The Government of India has launched a national mission to maintain the Himalayan ecosystem, one of eight major missions under the country’s climate action plan. This mission aims to restore the local ecology in the Himalayan region successfully.
Impact on Agriculture
Scientists have observed that climate change has adversely affected agriculture in the mountains, causing many people to abandon farming. Dr. Sunil Nautiyal stresses the need to study the impact of changing weather patterns on Himalayan agriculture, emphasizing that a collaborative approach involving multiple agencies is essential to address these challenges effectively.
